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http://lucene.apache.org/hadoop/
Hadoop is a distributed computing platform / filesystem. It provides HDFS which is similar to GFS (Google Filesystem) and MapReduce which splits programming tasks into small chunks. It's target is 10'000 node clusters.
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http://furquim.org/chironfs/
ChironFS is a fuse based filesystem that supports multiple backends. Writes are written to multiple hosts, reads come from a single host. It removes single points of failure and provides real time duplication / backup.
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http://www.linuxvirtualserver.org/
The Linux Virtual Server as an advanced load balancing solution can be used to build highly scalable and highly available network services, such as scalable web, cache, mail, ftp, media and VoIP services.
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http://reductivelabs.com/trac/puppet
Puppet is a system to abstract system administrator tasks such as configuring web servers, deploying database servers, and so on. It provides an abstract language to specify configurations and then handles deployment for you.
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http://filereplica.com/
A file is split into n chunks, encoded such that any m chunks (m<n) can be used to rebuild the original file. It can use half of the alternative storage requirements, but requires cpu overhead.
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http://weoceo.weogeo.com/
WeoCEO is designed to provide a constant front end to Amazon EC2 / S3 services. It provides stable IP, load balancing and DNS management to ensure your app stays online.
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http://network.com/
Grid computing from Sun.
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http://www.linux-ha.org/
Linux HA produce the Hearbeat application which is used in high availability clusters.
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http://www.digital-web.com/articles/client_side_load_balancing/
An article describing a system that uses client side load balancing in a Web application. Voxlite is the example application built on Amazon EC2 and S3.
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http://kosmosfs.sourceforge.net/
An open source, distributed, failure resilient file system similar to GFS (from google). Supports automatic addition of nodes, redundancy, and so on.
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http://www.3tera.com/
3tera provide a grid platform to deploy "virtual appliances" on a "virtual datacentre" built on top of commodity hardware, similar to Amazon's EC2/S3.
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http://varnish.projects.linpro.no/
Varnish is a state-of-the-art, high-performance HTTP accelerator (reverse proxy). Varnish is designed by a BSD kernel developer to make full use of BSD / Linux kernel's ability to manage memory. It is extremely fast, up to 10 - 20 times faster than squid.
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http://www.danga.com/memcached/
memcached is a high-performance, distributed memory object caching system, generic in nature, but intended for use in speeding up dynamic web applications by alleviating database load.
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http://developer.yahoo.com/performance/
Yahoo!'s Exceptional Performance team evangelizes best practices for improving web performance.
